tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28977828959141197742023-11-16T21:23:58.679+08:00PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENTOperations Management deals with the design and management of products, processes, services and supply chains. It considers the acquisition, development, and utilization of resources that firms need to deliver the goods and services their clients want.
Operational issues include production scheduling and control, inventory management, quality control and inspection, traffic and materials handling, and equipment maintenance policies.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-70107034394612215032012-10-21T01:52:00.001+08:002012-10-21T01:52:10.136+08:00LOCATION DECISION, BOTTLENECK AND INVENTORY<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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decision:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Based on:</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Attractiveness of region</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Labor availability of region</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Site decisions:</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Site size and cost</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Transportation system</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zoning restriction</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What is Bottleneck?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A point of congestion in a
system that occurs when workloads arrive at a given point more quickly than
that point can handle them. The inefficiencies brought about by the bottleneck
often create a queue and a longer overall cycle time. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For example, a company whose
product is in high demand may see its shipping department receive purchase
orders more quickly than the products can be shipped
out, thus causing a bottleneck.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What is inventory?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h5>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Defining Inventory</span></b></h5>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inventory is an idle stock of
physical goods that contain economic value, and are held in various forms by an
organization in its custody awaiting packing, processing, transformation, use
or sale in a future point of time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Any organization which is into
production, trading, sale and service of a product will necessarily hold stock
of various physical resources to aid in future consumption and sale. While
inventory is a necessary evil of any such business, it may be noted that the
organizations hold inventories for various reasons, which include speculative
purposes, functional purposes, physical necessities etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From the above definition the
following points stand out with reference to inventory:</span></div>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All organizations engaged in production or sale of
products hold inventory in one form or other. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inventory can be in complete state or incomplete state.
</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inventory is held to facilitate future consumption,
sale or further processing/value addition. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All inventoried resources have economic value and can
be considered as assets of the organization. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Different
Types of Inventory</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inventory of materials occurs at
various stages and departments of an organization. A manufacturing organization
holds inventory of raw materials and consumables required for production. It
also holds inventory of semi-finished goods at various stages in the plant with
various departments. Finished goods inventory is held at plant, Finished Goods Stores,
distribution centers etc. Further both raw materials and finished goods those
that are in transit at various locations also form a part of inventory
depending upon who owns the inventory at the particular juncture. Finished
goods inventory is held by the organization at various stocking points or with
dealers and stockiest until it reaches the market and end customers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Besides Raw materials and finished
goods, organizations also hold inventories of spare parts to service the
products. Defective products, defective parts and scrap also forms a part of
inventory as long as these items are inventoried in the books of the company
and have economic value.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Types
of Inventory by Function</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: .7pt; mso-padding-alt: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 80%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 33.0%;" valign="top" width="33%">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">INPUT</span></b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 33.0%;" valign="top" width="33%">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PROCESS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 34.0%;" valign="top" width="34%">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">OUTPUT</span></b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Raw Materials</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Work In Process</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finished Goods</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Consumables required for
processing. Eg : Fuel, Stationary, Bolts & Nuts etc. required in
manufacturing</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Semi Finished Production in
various stages, lying with various departments like Production, WIP Stores,
QC, Final Assembly, Paint Shop, Packing, Outbound Store etc.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finished Goods at Distribution
Centers through out Supply Chain</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maintenance Items/Consumables</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Production Waste and Scrap</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finished Goods in transit</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Packing Materials</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rejections and Defectives</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finished Goods with Stockiest and
Dealers</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Local purchased Items required for
production</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spare Parts Stocks & Bought
Out items</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Defectives, Rejects and Sales
Returns</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Repaired Stock and Parts</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sales Promotion & Sample
Stocks</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-66766778774208997412012-10-21T01:48:00.002+08:002012-10-21T01:48:40.344+08:00PROCESS FOCUS & REPETITIVES FOCUS <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAGZ8tlIncetZTXjEeMQcbzdiuzHeLFbBb8j6qZnNkzFv2-2DkunLF_8DZEvusNxEmtwbo1g08tjjuQt3KOmkGKpCdn8l3SjglZZMKbTIbdOidgEAyOyga1Xv4wqSC7rVyjKfiPb6BOng/s1600/PROCESS+FOCUS.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAGZ8tlIncetZTXjEeMQcbzdiuzHeLFbBb8j6qZnNkzFv2-2DkunLF_8DZEvusNxEmtwbo1g08tjjuQt3KOmkGKpCdn8l3SjglZZMKbTIbdOidgEAyOyga1Xv4wqSC7rVyjKfiPb6BOng/s400/PROCESS+FOCUS.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1xOGYkZ967XLbS5WYTMAWklImq-eCd14dmfaixR2hWyDyzJdnu4pdnn0RTsHRf6GYJZSPgt88yx942hoG9kxkWzS4pX01WXqNnGvRxS9r0IGSs7bdMuGFA-H81PdTvLgiaNi_pONW7jQ/s1600/REPETITIVE+FOCUS.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1xOGYkZ967XLbS5WYTMAWklImq-eCd14dmfaixR2hWyDyzJdnu4pdnn0RTsHRf6GYJZSPgt88yx942hoG9kxkWzS4pX01WXqNnGvRxS9r0IGSs7bdMuGFA-H81PdTvLgiaNi_pONW7jQ/s400/REPETITIVE+FOCUS.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-53197629450227455712012-10-18T01:22:00.003+08:002012-10-18T01:22:15.150+08:00TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>what is TQM ???? </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">is a philosophy that says that uniform commitment to quality in all areas of an organization promotes an organizational culture that meets consumers' perceptions of quality. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<h2 style="border: none; color: #048747; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
Why should a company adopt TQM? </h2>
<div>
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1) M<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ake an organization more competitive</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2) Provide a working environment in which everyone can </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">succeed</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3) Reduce waste, stress and friction</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4) build team, partnership and co-operation</span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>International Quality Standard : </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>ISO 9000 ( quality )</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>ISO 14 000 ( environment ) </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>TQM program : </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1) continuous improvement</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2) six sigma</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3) employee empowerment</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4) benchmarking </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">5) just in time (JIT)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">6) Taguchi concept </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">7 ) knowledge of tqm tools</span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Examples of of tools include : </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1) check sheet </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2) scatter diagrams</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3) Pareto charts</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4) Cause and Effect diagram </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">5) Employee and customer survey </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">6) flowchart </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">7) histogram </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">8) statistical process Control (SPC)</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Key element to be successful in TQM : </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1) Ethic </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2) Trust </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3) Training </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4) Teamwork </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">5) Leadership </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">6) Communication</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-87672457341782033722012-09-18T17:32:00.000+08:002012-09-18T17:32:57.368+08:00chapter four : forecasting demand<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #f1c232;"><b>CHAPTER 4 : FORECASTING DEMAND </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f1c232; color: #4c1130;">WHAT IS FORECASTING???? </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f1c232; color: #4c1130;"><br /></span></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">used by companies to determine how to allocate their budgets for an upcoming period of time. we also can say it like an organization predicting a future event.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">it is effect decision and activities throughout an organization such as accounting, finance, human resources, marketing, and product or service design. </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">This is use of forecast : </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> 1) <span style="background-color: #38761d; color: #ea9999;">Accounting </span>- it will predict about cost and profit estimate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> 2)<span style="background-color: #f1c232;"> <span style="color: #45818e;">finance</span></span> - it will predict cash flow and funding.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> 3) </span><span style="background-color: #6fa8dc; color: #b45f06; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">Human resources</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> - it will forecast about hiring, recruiting and </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> training.</span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> 4)<span style="background-color: yellow;"> <span style="color: #741b47;">Product and services design</span> </span>-predict new products and services. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">an organization will use three major type of forecasts in planning future operations : </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> 1)</span><span style="color: yellow; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> <span style="background-color: #cc0000;">Economic Forecasts</span> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">= it is planning indicators that are valuable </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> in helping organizations prepare medium </span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"> long-range forecasts.for example address </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">
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business cycle such as inflation rate,</div>
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money supply, housing starts and etc. </div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> 2)</span><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> <span style="background-color: #ffd966;">Technological Forecasts</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"> = </span><span style="font-size: large;">it is predict rate of </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> technological progress. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> another one is impacts</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> development of new</span><span style="font-size: large;"> products.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> 3</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">)</span><span style="color: #0c343d; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: lime;">Demand Forecast</span> </span><span style="font-size: large;">= projection of company sales for </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> each time period in the planning </span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> horizon. I</span>t is like we predict sales of </span></div>
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</span><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
existing products.</div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #741b47;">ELEMENT OF GOOD FORECAST. </span></b></li>
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<span style="font-size: large;">1) Timely</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> 2) Reliable</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> 3) Accurate</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> 4) Meaningful </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> 5) Easy to use</span></div>
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<li><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #93c47d;">SEVEN STEPS IN FORECASTING SYSTEM.</span> </div>
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1) Determine the use of the forecast.</div>
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2) Select item to be forecasted. </div>
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3) Determine the time horizon of the forecast.</div>
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4) Select the forecasting model(s).</div>
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5) Gather the data needed to make the forecast.</div>
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6) Make the forecast.</div>
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7) Validate and implement the result.</div>
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</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Forecasting approaches are divided by two which is <span style="background-color: black; color: yellow;">Qualitative approaches and Quantitative approaches. </span></span></li>
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<i></i><br />
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<i><i><b><span style="color: #660000;">QUALITATIVE APPROACHES</span><span style="color: #f9cb9c;"> </span></b></i></i></div>
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</i></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">-Used when situation is vague and little data exist like new product and new technology.</span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
-it is also involved intuition and experienced such as forecasting sales on internet.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- there are four different qualitative forecasting techniques : </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1) Jury of executive opinion. </div>
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2) Delphi Method.</div>
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3) Sales force composite.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4) Consumer market survey.</div>
</span><span style="color: #20124d;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<i><div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b>QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES</b></i></div>
</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">-Used when situation is 'stable' and historical data exist like existing product and current technology. </span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
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-Involves mathematical technique for an example forecasting sales of color televisions.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
-there are two types of quantitative approaches model. : </div>
</span><br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="color: #d5a6bd;"> Times series model</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> 1) Naive approaches</span></div>
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</span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> 2) Moving average.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
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3) Exponential smoothing.</div>
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4) Trend Projection.</div>
</span><br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="color: #d5a6bd;"> Associative model</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"> 5) Linear Regression</span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b><i>MOVING AVERAGE METHOD </i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">-Is a series or arithmetic means.</span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
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-uses if little or no trend.</div>
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<br /></div>
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-used often for smoothing that provide overall impression of data over time. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">-This is the way of calculation </span>:</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>Moving average = </b></span><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">∑</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span></u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><u>demand in previous n periods</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> n</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Moving Average Example</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span>Actual 3-Month</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> <u> Month Shed Sales Moving Average</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">January </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">10</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">February </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">12</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">March </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">13</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">April </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">16 (10+12+13)/3 = 11 2/3</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">May </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">19 (12+13+16)/3 = 13 2/3</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">June </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">23 (13+16+19)/3 = 16</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">July </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">26 (16+19+23)/3 = 19 1/3</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: sub;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #6fa8dc;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-family: Arial;"><b><i>WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: large;">- Used when tense is present </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: large;">-weight based on experienced or intuition.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> weighted Moving average = </span><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">∑</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> (weight for period n) x (demand in period n)</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> </span><i><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: center;">∑</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: center;"> weights</span></b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Weighted moving average example </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> Actual 3-Month Weighted</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><u> Month Shed Sales Moving
Average</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">January </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">10</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">February </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">12</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Marc </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">13</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">April </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">16 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">[(3 x </span><span style="color: #800040; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">13</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">) + (2 x </span><span style="color: #2fff74; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">12</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">) + (</span><span style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">10</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">)]/6
= 12</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: super;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">/</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: sub;">6</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">May </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">19 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">
</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">[(3 x 16) + (2 x 13) +
(12)]/6 = 14</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: super;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">/</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: sub;">3</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">June </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">23 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">[(3 x 19) + (2 x 16) +
(13)]/6 = 17</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">July </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">26 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: sub;">
</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">[(3 x 23) + (2 x 19) + (16)]/6 = 20</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: super;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">/</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: sub;">2 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; vertical-align: sub;"><span style="color: magenta;">COMMON MEASURE OF ERROR</span></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">Mean Absolute Deviation </span><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">(</span><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">MAD</span><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;"> </span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">MAD = </span></i></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><u>∑ | actual - forecast | </u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><b><i> n</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">Mean Squared Error </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">(</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">MSE</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 125%; text-align: center;">MSE = </span><u style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">∑ (forecast error) </u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> n-1</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-26323987134980919252012-09-11T15:33:00.002+08:002012-09-11T15:33:29.987+08:00<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="background-color: black; color: orange; font-size: x-large;"> chapter 3 : MANAGING PROJECT. </span></u></h2>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>PROJECT</b></span></div>
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Is an interrelated set of activities that has definite starting and ending point and the result in unique product or services. for example is building construction and introducing a new product. </div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b> -</b>PROJECT ORGANIZATION</span></div>
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this is to make sure that program can run smoothly on day by day basis while new project will </div>
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successfully completed. </div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES</span> </b></div>
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There are two technique which is <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PROGRAM EVALUATION</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE(PERT) and the CRITICAL PATH METHOD(CPM). T</span>hey were both developed to help managers schedule, monitor and control large complex project. </div>
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<span style="color: red;">-PERT and CPM NETWORK METHOD </span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"> </span> there are three : 1) ACTIVITY- the smallest unit of work effort consuming both time and resources </div>
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that the project manager can schedule and control. </div>
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2)PRECEDENCE RELATIONSHIP- A sequencing constraint between interrelated </div>
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activities by which one activity cannot start </div>
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until a preceding activity has been completed.</div>
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3)SCHEDULE- A plan that sets priorities, determines start and finish times, and </div>
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allocates resources to accomplish the activities. </div>
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<span style="color: red;">- NETWORK DIAGRAM AND APPROACHES </span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"> </span> there are two approaches for drawing a project network. which is ACTIVITY ON NODE (AON) </div>
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and ACTIVITY ON ARROW(AOA). for AON it is a network diagram in which node designated </div>
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activities. While for AOA means a network diagram in which arrow designate activities. furthermore,</div>
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CRITICAL PATH is about the computed longest time path(s) through a network. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhljaJFPXTnMjieJA8kwz5IMrpU8LWtPdvoJKMz36Nt7aX_yJW79-GA-thPw4rB_1Z3LADwij5avdVZfNftQLekJq4NFuE9_pv6HXeiBi3t8gzBepeWfVHlhUMroTDpvyWegTyj0GpH7Rw/s1600/intro2a.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhljaJFPXTnMjieJA8kwz5IMrpU8LWtPdvoJKMz36Nt7aX_yJW79-GA-thPw4rB_1Z3LADwij5avdVZfNftQLekJq4NFuE9_pv6HXeiBi3t8gzBepeWfVHlhUMroTDpvyWegTyj0GpH7Rw/s320/intro2a.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>example of AOA</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXg2X3fsHKIaAAvPl7ZEY18O1IWetRxFk0pyqvAUx7vf3rSooeq6buJGsotMYm_BhNqnxzCcKcqY5dtewLiFQ8uDKjK0R40O3u-HMOvS9iMaztFsYHEFAu76RSHm0LugE4Mr2YNKgwv7s/s1600/intro2b.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="115" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXg2X3fsHKIaAAvPl7ZEY18O1IWetRxFk0pyqvAUx7vf3rSooeq6buJGsotMYm_BhNqnxzCcKcqY5dtewLiFQ8uDKjK0R40O3u-HMOvS9iMaztFsYHEFAu76RSHm0LugE4Mr2YNKgwv7s/s320/intro2b.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"> <b> example of AON </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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okay, now we gonna talk about how to find a slack time. slack time is the length of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the entire project. here the calculation how to calculate the slack time. this is very easy to understand. </div>
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SLACK = LS - ES // SLACK = LF - EF
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqkANLlOeLtIYhbuqyCaAQFQomUt1W3xGaiNuXSNegmWq9kBihYsywYJuTmleF8AsUM9O8HiXc9rMSAbL_5L6m9Zem9jT-eQ70-9ZhiywExKoY5evyEyMBOCP8Nz6DUhyCQGWPZHBFVxQ/s1600/9d54d7a8a198f82b38e35fc2d24614d10c00631e_large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqkANLlOeLtIYhbuqyCaAQFQomUt1W3xGaiNuXSNegmWq9kBihYsywYJuTmleF8AsUM9O8HiXc9rMSAbL_5L6m9Zem9jT-eQ70-9ZhiywExKoY5evyEyMBOCP8Nz6DUhyCQGWPZHBFVxQ/s320/9d54d7a8a198f82b38e35fc2d24614d10c00631e_large.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">example of slack time calculation</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />lastly, in PERT they employ a probability distribution based on three time estimates for each activity , as follows : <div>
1) optimistic time (a) = the best activity completion time that could be obtained in a PERT network. </div>
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2) pessimistic time (b) = the worst activity time that could be expected in a PERT network. </div>
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3) most likely time (m)= the most probable time to complete an activity in a PERT network.<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-65515052333014883442012-07-18T21:45:00.002+08:002012-07-18T21:57:02.035+08:00C H A P T E R 1<b>Operations Management (OM)</b> is the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs.<br />
<br />
<b>Production</b> the creation of goods and services.<br />
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<b>Organizing to produce goods and services</b><br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Marketing</li>
<li>Production/ operations</li>
<li>Finance/ accounting</li>
</ol>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Why study OM?</b></div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>To study how people organize themselves for productive enterprise.</li>
<li>To know how goods and services are produced. </li>
<li>To understand what operations manager do.</li>
<li>It is such a costly part of an organization.</li>
</ol>
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</div>
<div>
<b>Difference between goods and services</b></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Goods </b> </div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>can be resold</li>
<li>can be inventoried</li>
<li>some aspects of quality are measurable</li>
<li>transportable</li>
<li>easy to automate</li>
</ul>
<div>
<b>Services</b>
<br />
<ul>
<li>Reselling is unusual</li>
<li>Many service cannot be inventoried</li>
<li>Quality are difficult to measured</li>
<li>Difficult to automate</li>
<li>Selling is often a part of the service</li>
</ul>
</div>
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Ex: Product</div>
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Ex: Service</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-16922618614591618812012-07-15T23:55:00.003+08:002012-07-16T17:03:47.470+08:00FIRST MEETING !!Tadaaa... !! Akhirnya kitorang dapat jugak buat satu meeting yang agak formal lah dengan students DLM sem1 ni kat dewan kuliah B.. Well, dorang sgt cooperate dgn kitorang and mmg dapat good feedback :) Kitorang pon have fun utk meeting ni. So memandangkan dorang ni ramai kitorang dah decide nak divide group utk buat class OM tu nanti. Class tu divide for two group which is ada group A and group B. Plus dapat lah jugak kenal kenal sebahagian dari dorang. And bestnya dorang ni sgt happening okay ! Daebakk ~ Haha :D<br />
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Ni haa yg sempat kitorang snap time meeting tadi .<br />
Selamat Maju Jaya semua :)Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-29646327261207576282012-07-13T15:11:00.001+08:002012-07-13T15:11:24.101+08:00SENARAI NAMA MENTERI MALAYSIA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Happy weekend!! Petang-petang macam ni tetiba pulak nak share pasal pengetahuan am, sambil-sambil tu korang boleh lah refresh balik siapa orang kuat Malaysia sekarang ni. So, kitorang ada list Menteri Kabinet paling latest tau. Haa!! information yang ada ni insyaallah dapat bagi korang manfaat walaupun kadang-kadang kita ambil remeh je kan?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Then, nah untuk santapan korang petang ni.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM-CtSNLUpXAmX716jVOBvw3UZ7VaJP59vT9X84k0ZkABIVd8Xhj7IlMyEyAOYF_2lTqOqc3vlVcqNeOsFTgoqAIk7-FsE5R4rEKV5qNdQ5lKKq5hWHpxqEubG1Ht88fUuKx8ZOR46xX4/s1600/najib.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM-CtSNLUpXAmX716jVOBvw3UZ7VaJP59vT9X84k0ZkABIVd8Xhj7IlMyEyAOYF_2lTqOqc3vlVcqNeOsFTgoqAIk7-FsE5R4rEKV5qNdQ5lKKq5hWHpxqEubG1Ht88fUuKx8ZOR46xX4/s1600/najib.jpg" /></a><br /><b style="font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YAB DATO' SRI MOHD. NAJIB BIN TUN HAJI ABDUL RAZAK</b><br style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Perdana Menteri Merangkap Menteri Kewangan dan</span><br style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Pembangunan Wanita, Keluarga dan Masyarakat</span>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpMN3RF8s7ZseTB4jcsB8vvwboOEe0YGxRdHDtu8Wo4jvTUerwFxvmqfOyip8WSM9tL0ZP161wUuoqwmWY2aFDCEJyFrYWcUI_TWxJ_qUf3-AHv6WLsFsbNxhOzSqa-LyvPDrAr0xMwm8/s1600/muhyiddin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white;"> </span><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpMN3RF8s7ZseTB4jcsB8vvwboOEe0YGxRdHDtu8Wo4jvTUerwFxvmqfOyip8WSM9tL0ZP161wUuoqwmWY2aFDCEJyFrYWcUI_TWxJ_qUf3-AHv6WLsFsbNxhOzSqa-LyvPDrAr0xMwm8/s1600/muhyiddin.jpg" /></a><br /><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YAB TAN SRI DATO' HAJI MUHYIDDIN BIN MOHD. YASSIN</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Timbalan Perdana Menteri Merangkap Menteri Pelajaran</span></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">YB SENATOR DATUK SERI PALANIVEL A/L K.GOVINDASAMY</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SRI PETER CHIN FAH KUI</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Tenaga, Teknologi Hijau dan Air, </span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Kementerian Tenaga, Teknologi Hijau dan Air</span>
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<strong>YB SENATOR TAN SRI DR. KOH TSU KOON </strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB TAN SRI BERNARD GILUK DOMPOK</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Perusahaan Perladangan dan Komoditi,</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Kementerian Perusahaan Perladangan dan Komoditi</span>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SERI MOHAMED NAZRI BIN ABDUL AZIZ</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri</span>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SERI HISHAMMUDDIN BIN TUN HUSSEIN</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Dalam Negeri</span>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SERI UTAMA DR. RAIS BIN YATIM</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Penerangan, Komunikasi dan Kebudayaan,</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Kementerian Penerangan, Komunikasi dan Kebudayaan</span>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB TAN SRI NOR MOHAMED BIN YAKCOP</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri</span>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SERI HJ. MOHD SHAFIE BIN HJ. APDAL</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Kemajuan Luar Bandar dan Wilayah</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SERI MOHAMED KHALED BIN NORDIN</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Pengajian Tinggi</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SRI MUSTAPA BIN MOHAMED</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Perdagangan Antarabangsa dan Industri</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATUK SERI PANGLIMA DR. MAXIMUS JOHNITY ONGKILI</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi,</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO SRI DOUGLAS UGGAH EMBAS</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar</span>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SRI DR. NG YEN YEN </strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Pelancongan</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATUK SERI HAJI NOH BIN OMAR</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SERI DR. AHMAD ZAHID BIN HAMIDI</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Pertahanan</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATUK SERI SHAZIMAN BIN ABU MANSOR</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Kerja Raya</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SRI LIOW TIONG LAI</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Kesihatan</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SRI AHMAD SHABERY BIN CHEEK</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Belia dan Sukan</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATUK SERI DR. S. SUBRAMANIAM</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Sumber Manusia</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SRI ISMAIL SABRI BIN YAAKOB</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi dan Kepenggunaan</span>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SERI AHMAD HUSNI BIN MOHAMAD HANADZLAH </strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Kewangan (II)</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SERI KONG CHO HA</strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Pengangkutan</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB DATO' SRI ANIFAH BIN AMAN </strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri Luar Negeri</span>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB SENATOR DATO' RAJA NONG CHIK BIN DATO' RAJA ZAINAL ABIDIN </strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Menteri Wilayah Persekutuan Dan Kesejahteraan Bandar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> <strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">YB SENATOR MEJAR JENERAL DATO' SERI JAMIL KHIR BIN BAHAROM (B)</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">YB SENATOR DATO' SRI IDRIS JALA </strong><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri</span>
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<strong>YB DATO' SERI CHOR CHEE HEUNG </strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Thanks korang!! Hope korang selalu follow blog ni ye..</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-5303144445335682732012-07-13T13:51:00.001+08:002012-07-13T13:59:01.258+08:00P E N G E N A L A N<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Hai kawan-kawan.. Kali ini kami nak share dengan korang tentang pengenalan Operations Management (OM).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">First of all, untuk subjek OM ini korang akan belajar tentang <b><span style="color: red;">apa itu OM, kenapa kita perlu study OM, global operation strategy, project planning scheduling and controlling project management technique that include PERT, CPM and Critical Path</span></b>. Plus korang akan belajar tentang <span style="color: red;"><b>forecasting that include type of forecast and steps in forecasting</b>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Next topic yang penting dalam OM ini adalah <b><span style="color: red;">Total Quality Management</span></b>. Lepas tu, <b><span style="color: red;">Statistical Process Control, Process Strategy </span></b>and lastly <b><span style="color: red;">Aggregate Planning</span>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Harap korang bersungguh-sungguh belajar OM ni and boleh score final nanti. Fighting!! ^^ Kitorang akan tolong korang selagi yang mampu. Hope korang boleh bagi kerjasama yang baik and kita sama-sama akan dapat benefit masing-masing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Don't worry be happy :D</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0Malaysia4.210484 101.975766-3.8701774999999996 91.868344 12.291145499999999 112.08318799999999tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2897782895914119774.post-69846697516310297872012-07-11T13:19:00.001+08:002012-07-12T19:09:17.544+08:00W E L C O M E<div style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
Hey Heyy Assalammualaikum :)</div>
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Hai junior yg cantik and macho macho tuu, nak wish kat korang ni S E L A M A T D A T A N G kat kolej tercinta kpmbp ! Haha :D <br />So macam mana live kat sini? best ? Hope korang happy stay dgn kawan-2 korang . Haa lagi satu sini nak bisik sikit, korang generation logistics yg ke 9 keluaran KPM Bandar Penawar wehh ! Bangga bha kau . Weewittt :p <br /><br />
Okay cukop mengarut kat situ. Kakak kakak yg sayang korang gila ni hope sgt korang dapat support apa kitorang buat utk korang . So mulai detik saat ini , ( ceewahh ! ) Haha korang boleh lah keep follow blog ni, panggil lah orang kampung sepupu sepapat cucu cicit semua tauu ! Tu dia ! Haha. Ehem ehem, blog ni boleh jugak jadi santapan kepada sesiapa yg berminat kat luar tuhh . Hihi . <br />
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Ehh macam lupa je kann, haha :D Sgt berterima kasih jugak pada lecturer yg suka sgt sakat kitorang ni * Opps , nanti kena tembak. Haha . Thanks sbb kasi kitorang peluang buat projek utk kursus innovation ni. Credit to <a href="http://www.facebook.com/adham.metzadi" target="_blank">Sir Mohd Adham Mansor</a> :) </div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">kina, liana, adah, fazrine, anim</span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13458055446158585109noreply@blogger.com0